000 23030cam a2200433 i 4500
001 u159517
003 SIRSI
005 20240916205804.0
008 131017s2015 maua b 001 0 eng
010 _a 2013039661
015 _aGBB417747
_2bnb
020 _a9780133758887
_q(alk. paper)
020 _a0133758885
_q(alk. paper)
035 _a(OCoLC)861073024
_z(OCoLC)868648039
050 0 0 _aTA545
_b.G395 2015
082 0 0 _a526.9
_223
092 _a526.9
_bG424e14
100 1 _aGhilani, Charles D.
245 1 0 _aElementary surveying :
_ban introduction to geomatics /
_cCharles D. Ghilani, professor of Engineering, the Pennsylvania State University, Paul R. Wolf, Professor Emeritus, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
250 _aFourteenth edition.
264 1 _aBoston :
_bPearson,
_c[2015]
300 _axxi, 936 pages :
_billustrations ;
_c24 cm
336 _atext
_btxt
_2rdacontent
337 _aunmediated
_bn
_2rdamedia
338 _avolume
_bnc
_2rdacarrier
504 _aIncludes bibliographical references and index.
505 0 0 _gMachine generated contents note:
_g1.
_tINTRODUCTION --
_g1.1.
_tDefinition of Surveying --
_g1.2.
_tGeomatics --
_g1.3.
_tHistory of Surveying --
_g1.4.
_tGeodetic and Plane Surveys --
_g1.5.
_tImportance of Surveying --
_g1.6.
_tSpecialized Types of Surveys --
_g1.7.
_tSurveying Safety --
_g1.8.
_tLand and Geographic Information Systems --
_g1.9.
_tFederal Surveying and Mapping Agencies --
_g1.10.
_tThe Surveying Profession --
_g1.11.
_tProfessional Surveying Organizations --
_g1.12.
_tSurveying on the Internet --
_g1.13.
_tFuture Challenges in Surveying --
_tProblems --
_tBibliography --
_g2.
_tUNITS, SIGNIFICANT FIGURES, AND FIELD NOTES --
_gpt. I
_tUNITS AND SIGNIFICANT FIGURES --
_g2.1.
_tIntroduction --
_g2.2.
_tUnits of Measurement --
_g2.3.
_tInternational System of Units (SI) --
_g2.4.
_tSignificant Figures --
_g2.5.
_tRounding Off Numbers --
_gpt. II
_tFIELD NOTES --
_g2.6.
_tField Notes --
_g2.7.
_tGeneral Requirements of Handwritten Field Notes --
_g2.8.
_tTypes of Field Books --
_g2.9.
_tKinds of Notes --
_g2.10.
_tArrangements of Notes --
_g2.11.
_tSuggestions for Recording Notes --
_g2.12.
_tIntroduction to Survey Controllers --
_g2.13.
_tTransfer of Files from Survey Controllers --
_g2.14.
_tDigital Data File Management --
_g2.15.
_tAdvantages and Disadvantages of Survey Controllers --
_tProblems --
_tBibliography --
_g3.
_tTHEORY OF ERRORS IN OBSERVATIONS --
_g3.1.
_tIntroduction --
_g3.2.
_tDirect and Indirect Observations --
_g3.3.
_tErrors in Measurements --
_g3.4.
_tMistakes --
_g3.5.
_tSources of Errors in Making Observations --
_g3.6.
_tTypes of Errors --
_g3.7.
_tPrecision and Accuracy --
_g3.8.
_tEliminating Mistakes and Systematic Errors --
_g3.9.
_tProbability --
_g3.10.
_tMost Probable Value --
_g3.11.
_tResiduals --
_g3.12.
_tOccurrence of Random Errors --
_g3.13.
_tGeneral Laws of Probability --
_g3.14.
_tMeasures of Precision --
_g3.15.
_tInterpretation of Standard Deviation --
_g3.16.
_tThe 50, 90, and 95 Percent Errors --
_g3.17.
_tError Propagation --
_g3.18.
_tApplications --
_g3.19.
_tConditional Adjustment of Observations --
_g3.20.
_tWeights of Observations --
_g3.21.
_tLeast-Squares Adjustment --
_tProblems --
_tBibliography --
_g4.
_tLEVELING -- THEORY, METHODS, AND EQUIPMENT --
_gpt. I
_tLEVELING -- THEORY AND METHODS --
_g4.1.
_tIntroduction --
_g4.2.
_tDefinitions --
_g4.3.
_tNorth American Vertical Datum --
_g4.4.
_tCurvature and Refraction --
_g4.5.
_tMethods for Determining Differences in Elevation --
_gpt. II
_tEQUIPMENT FOR DIFFERENTIAL LEVELING --
_g4.6.
_tCategories of Levels --
_g4.7.
_tTelescopes --
_g4.8.
_tLevel Vials --
_g4.9.
_tTilting Levels --
_g4.10.
_tAutomatic Levels --
_g4.11.
_tDigital Levels --
_g4.12.
_tTripods --
_g4.13.
_tHand Level --
_g4.14.
_tLevel Rods --
_g4.15.
_tTesting and Adjusting Levels --
_tProblems --
_tBibliography --
_g5.
_tLEVELING -- FIELD PROCEDURES AND COMPUTATIONS --
_g5.1.
_tIntroduction --
_g5.2.
_tCarrying and Setting Up a Level --
_g5.3.
_tDuties of a Rodperson --
_g5.4.
_tDifferential Leveling --
_g5.5.
_tPrecision --
_g5.6.
_tAdjustments of Simple Level Circuits --
_g5.7.
_tReciprocal Leveling --
_g5.8.
_tThree-Wire Leveling --
_g5.9.
_tProfile Leveling --
_g5.10.
_tGrid, Cross-Section, or Borrow-Pit Leveling --
_g5.11.
_tUse of the Hand Level --
_g5.12.
_tSources of Error in Leveling --
_g5.13.
_tMistakes --
_g5.14.
_tReducing Errors and Eliminating Mistakes --
_g5.15.
_tUsing Software --
_tProblems --
_tBibliography --
_g6.
_tDISTANCE MEASUREMENT --
_gpt. I
_tMETHODS FOR MEASURING DISTANCES --
_g6.1.
_tIntroduction --
_g6.2.
_tSummary of Methods for Making Linear Measurements --
_g6.3.
_tPacing --
_g6.4.
_tOdometer Readings --
_g6.5.
_tOptical Rangefinders --
_g6.6.
_tTacheometry --
_g6.7.
_tSubtense Bar --
_gpt. II
_tDISTANCE MEASUREMENTS BY TAPING --
_g6.8.
_tIntroduction to Taping --
_g6.9.
_tTaping Equipment and Accessories --
_g6.10.
_tCare of Taping Equipment --
_g6.11.
_tTaping on Level Ground --
_g6.12.
_tHorizontal Measurements on Sloping Ground --
_g6.13.
_tSlope Measurements --
_g6.14.
_tSources of Error in Taping --
_gpt. III
_tELECTRONIC DISTANCE MEASUREMENT --
_g6.15.
_tIntroduction --
_g6.16.
_tPropagation of Electromagnetic Energy --
_g6.17.
_tPrinciples of Electronic Distance Measurement --
_g6.18.
_tElectro-Optical Instruments --
_g6.19.
_tTotal Station Instruments --
_g6.20.
_tEDM Instruments Without Reflectors --
_g6.21.
_tComputing Horizontal Lengths from Slope Distances --
_g6.22.
_tErrors in Electronic Distance Measurement --
_g6.23.
_tUsing Software --
_tProblems --
_tBibliography --
_g7.
_tANGLES, AZIMUTHS, AND BEARINGS --
_g7.1.
_tIntroduction --
_g7.2.
_tUnits of Angle Measurement --
_g7.3.
_tKinds of Horizontal Angles --
_g7.4.
_tDirection of a Line --
_g7.5.
_tAzimuths --
_g7.6.
_tBearings --
_g7.7.
_tComparison of Azimuths and Bearings --
_g7.8.
_tComputing Azimuths --
_g7.9.
_tComputing Bearings --
_g7.10.
_tThe Compass and the Earth's Magnetic Field --
_g7.11.
_tMagnetic Declination --
_g7.12.
_tVariations in Magnetic Declination --
_g7.13.
_tSoftware for Determining Magnetic Declination --
_g7.14.
_tLocal Attraction --
_g7.15.
_tTypical Magnetic Declination Problems --
_g7.16.
_tMistakes --
_tProblems --
_tBibliography --
_g8.
_tTOTAL STATION INSTRUMENTS; ANGLE OBSERVATIONS --
_gpt. I
_tTOTAL STATION INSTRUMENTS --
_g8.1.
_tIntroduction --
_g8.2.
_tCharacteristics of Total Station Instruments --
_g8.3.
_tFunctions Performed by Total Station Instruments --
_g8.4.
_tParts of a Total Station Instrument --
_g8.5.
_tHandling and Setting up a Total Station Instrument --
_g8.6.
_tServo-Driven and Remotely Operated Total Station Instruments --
_gpt.
505 0 0 _tII
_tANGLE OBSERVATIONS --
_g8.7.
_tRelationship of Angles and Distances --
_g8.8.
_tObserving Horizontal Angles with Total Station Instruments --
_g8.9.
_tObserving Multiple Horizontal Angles by the Direction Method --
_g8.10.
_tClosing the Horizon --
_g8.11.
_tObserving Deflection Angles --
_g8.12.
_tObserving Azimuths --
_g8.13.
_tObserving Vertical Angles --
_g8.14.
_tSights and Marks --
_g8.15.
_tProlonging a Straight Line --
_g8.16.
_tBalancing-In --
_g8.17.
_tRandom Traverse --
_g8.18.
_tTotal Stations for Determining Elevation Differences --
_g8.19.
_tAdjustment of Total Station Instruments and Their Accessories --
_g8.20.
_tSources of Error in Total Station Work --
_g8.21.
_tPropagation of Random Errors in Angle Observations --
_g8.22.
_tMistakes --
_tProblems --
_tBibliography --
_g9.
_tTRAVERSING --
_g9.1.
_tIntroduction --
_g9.2.
_tObservation of Traverse Angles or Directions --
_g9.3.
_tObservation of Traverse Lengths --
_g9.4.
_tSelection of Traverse Stations --
_g9.5.
_tReferencing Traverse Stations --
_g9.6.
_tTraverse Field Notes --
_g9.7.
_tAngle Misclosure --
_g9.8.
_tTraversing with Total Station Instruments --
_g9.9.
_tRadial Traversing --
_g9.10.
_tSources of Error in Traversing --
_g9.11.
_tMistakes in Traversing --
_tProblems --
_g10.
_tTRAVERSE COMPUTATIONS --
_g10.1.
_tIntroduction --
_g10.2.
_tBalancing Angles --
_g10.3.
_tComputation of Preliminary Azimuths or Bearings --
_g10.4.
_tDepartures and Latitudes --
_g10.5.
_tDeparture and Latitude Closure Conditions --
_g10.6.
_tTraverse Linear Misclosure and Relative Precision --
_g10.7.
_tTraverse Adjustment --
_g10.8.
_tRectangular Coordinates --
_g10.9.
_tAlternative Methods for Making Traverse Computations --
_g10.10.
_tInversing --
_g10.11.
_tComputing Final Adjusted Traverse Lengths and Directions --
_g10.12.
_tCoordinate Computations in Boundary Surveys --
_g10.13.
_tUse of Open Traverses --
_g10.14.
_tState Plane Coordinate Systems --
_g10.15.
_tTraverse Computations Using Computers --
_g10.16.
_tLocating Blunders in Traverse Observations --
_g10.17.
_tMistakes in Traverse Computations --
_tProblems --
_tBibliography --
_g11.
_tCOORDINATE GEOMETRY IN SURVEYING CALCULATIONS --
_g11.1.
_tIntroduction --
_g11.2.
_tCoordinate Forms of Equations for Lines and Circles --
_g11.3.
_tPerpendicular Distance from a Point to a Line --
_g11.4.
_tIntersection of Two Lines, Both Having Known Directions --
_g11.5.
_tIntersection of a Line with a Circle --
_g11.6.
_tIntersection of Two Circles --
_g11.7.
_tThree-Point Resection --
_g11.8.
_tTwo-Dimensional Conformal Coordinate Transformation --
_g11.9.
_tInaccessible Point Problem --
_g11.10.
_tThree-Dimensional Two-Point Resection --
_g11.11.
_tSoftware --
_tProblems --
_tBibliography --
_g12.
_tAREA --
_g12.1.
_tIntroduction --
_g12.2.
_tMethods of Measuring Area --
_g12.3.
_tArea by Division into Simple Figures --
_g12.4.
_tArea by Offsets from Straight Lines --
_g12.5.
_tArea by Coordinates --
_g12.6.
_tArea by Double-Meridian Distance Method --
_g12.7.
_tArea of Parcels with Circular Boundaries --
_g12.8.
_tPartitioning of Lands --
_g12.9.
_tArea by Measurements from Maps --
_g12.10.
_tSoftware --
_g12.11.
_tSources of Error in Determining Areas --
_g12.12.
_tMistakes in Determining Areas --
_tProblems --
_tBibliography --
_g13.
_tGLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS -- INTRODUCTION AND PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION --
_g13.1.
_tIntroduction --
_g13.2.
_tOverview of GPS --
_g13.3.
_tThe GPS Signal --
_g13.4.
_tReference Coordinate Systems --
_g13.5.
_tFundamentals of Satellite Positioning --
_g13.6.
_tErrors in Observations --
_g13.7.
_tDifferential Positioning --
_g13.8.
_tKinematic Methods --
_g13.9.
_tRelative Positioning --
_g13.10.
_tOther Satellite Navigation Systems --
_g13.11.
_tThe Future --
_tProblems --
_tBibliography --
_g14.
_tGLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS -- STATIC SURVEYS --
_g14.1.
_tIntroduction --
_g14.2.
_tField Procedures in Static GNSS Surveys --
_g14.3.
_tPlanning Satellite Surveys --
_g14.4.
_tPerforming Static Surveys --
_g14.5.
_tData Processing and Analysis --
_g14.6.
_tThings to Consider --
_g14.7.
_tSources of Errors in Satellite Surveys --
_g14.8.
_tMistakes in Satellite Surveys --
_tProblems --
_tBibliography --
_g15.
_tGLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS -- KINEMATIC SURVEYS --
_g15.1.
_tIntroduction --
_g15.2.
_tPlanning of Kinematic Surveys --
_g15.3.
_tInitialization --
_g15.4.
_tEquipment Used in Kinematic Surveys --
_g15.5.
_tMethods Used in Kinematic Surveys --
_g15.6.
_tPerforming Post-Processed Kinematic Surveys.
505 0 0 _gNote continued:
_g15.7.
_tCommunication in Real-Time Kinematic Surveys --
_g15.8.
_tReal-Time Networks --
_g15.9.
_tPerforming Real-Time Kinematic Surveys --
_g15.10.
_tMachine Guidance and Control --
_g15.11.
_tErrors in Kinematic Surveys --
_g15.12.
_tMistakes in Kinematic Surveys --
_tProblems --
_tBibliography --
_g16.
_tADJUSTMENTS BY LEAST SQUARES --
_g16.1.
_tIntroduction --
_g16.2.
_tFundamental Condition of Least Squares --
_g16.3.
_tLeast-Squares Adjustment by the Observation Equation Method --
_g16.4.
_tMatrix Methods in Least-Squares Adjustment --
_g16.5.
_tMatrix Equations for Precisions of Adjusted Quantities --
_g16.6.
_tLeast-Squares Adjustment of Leveling Circuits --
_g16.7.
_tPropagation of Errors --
_g16.8.
_tLeast-Squares Adjustment of GNSS Baseline Vectors --
_g16.9.
_tLeast-Squares Adjustment of Conventional Horizontal Plane Surveys --
_g16.10.
_tThe Error Ellipse --
_g16.11.
_tAdjustment Procedures --
_g16.12.
_tOther Measures of Precision for Horizontal Stations --
_g16.13.
_tSoftware --
_g16.14.
_tConclusions --
_tProblems --
_tBibliography --
_g17.
_tMAPPING SURVEYS --
_g17.1.
_tIntroduction --
_g17.2.
_tBasic Methods for Performing Mapping Surveys --
_g17.3.
_tMap Scale --
_g17.4.
_tControl for Mapping Surveys --
_g17.5.
_tContours --
_g17.6.
_tCharacteristics of Contours --
_g17.7.
_tMethod of Locating Contours --
_g17.8.
_tDigital Elevation Models and Automated Contouring Systems --
_g17.9.
_tBasic Field Methods for Locating Topographic Details --
_g17.10.
_tPlanning a Laser-Scanning Survey --
_g17.11.
_tThree-Dimensional Conformal Coordinate Transformation --
_g17.12.
_tSelection of Field Method --
_g17.13.
_tWorking with Survey Controllers and Field-to-Finish Software --
_g17.14.
_tHydrographic Surveys --
_g17.15.
_tSources of Error in Mapping Surveys --
_g17.16.
_tMistakes in Mapping Surveys --
_tProblems --
_tBibliography --
_g18.
_tMAPPING --
_g18.1.
_tIntroduction --
_g18.2.
_tAvailability of Maps and Related Information --
_g18.3.
_tNational Mapping Program --
_g18.4.
_tAccuracy Standards for Mapping --
_g18.5.
_tManual and Computer-Aided Drafting Procedures --
_g18.6.
_tMap Design --
_g18.7.
_tMap Layout --
_g18.8.
_tBasic Map Plotting Procedures --
_g18.9.
_tContour Interval --
_g18.10.
_tPlotting Contours --
_g18.11.
_tLettering --
_g18.12.
_tCartographic Map Elements --
_g18.13.
_tDrafting Materials --
_g18.14.
_tAutomated Mapping and Computer-Aided Drafting Systems --
_g18.15.
_tMigrating Maps between Software Packages --
_g18.16.
_tImpacts of Modern Land and Geographic Information Systems on Mapping --
_g18.17.
_tSources of Error in Mapping --
_g18.18.
_tMistakes in Mapping --
_tProblems --
_tBibliography --
_g19.
_tCONTROL SURVEYS AND GEODETIC REDUCTIONS --
_g19.1.
_tIntroduction --
_g19.2.
_tThe Ellipsoid and Geoid --
_g19.3.
_tThe Conventional Terrestrial Pole --
_g19.4.
_tGeodetic Position and Ellipsoidal Radii of Curvature --
_g19.5.
_tGeoid Undulation and Deflection of the Vertical --
_g19.6.
_tU.S.
505 0 0 _tReference Frames --
_g19.7.
_tTransforming Coordinates Between Reference Frames --
_g19.8.
_tAccuracy Standards and Specifications for Control Surveys --
_g19.9.
_tThe National Spatial Reference System --
_g19.10.
_tHierarchy of the National Horizontal-Control Network --
_g19.11.
_tHierarchy of the National Vertical-Control Network --
_g19.12.
_tControl Point Descriptions --
_g19.13.
_tField Procedures for Conventional Horizontal-Control Surveys --
_g19.14.
_tField Procedures for Vertical-Control Surveys --
_g19.15.
_tReduction of Field Observations to Their Geodetic Values --
_g19.16.
_tGeodetic Position Computations --
_g19.17.
_tThe Local Geodetic Coordinate System --
_g19.18.
_tThree-Dimensional Coordinate Computations --
_g19.19.
_tSoftware --
_tProblems --
_tBibliography --
_g20.
_tSTATE PLANE COORDINATES AND OTHER MAP PROJECTIONS --
_g20.1.
_tIntroduction --
_g20.2.
_tProjections Used In State Plane Coordinate Systems --
_g20.3.
_tLambert Conformal Conic Projection --
_g20.4.
_tTransverse Mercator Projection --
_g20.5.
_tState Plane Coordinates in NAD27 and NAD83 --
_g20.6.
_tComputing SPCS83 Coordinates in the Lambert Conformal Conic System --
_g20.7.
_tComputing SPCS83 Coordinates in the Transverse Mercator System --
_g20.8.
_tReduction of Distances and Angles to State Plane Coordinate Grids --
_g20.9.
_tComputing State Plane Coordinates of Traverse Stations --
_g20.10.
_tSurveys Extending from One Zone to Another --
_g20.11.
_tThe Universal Transverse Mercator Projection --
_g20.12.
_tOther Map Projections --
_g20.13.
_tMap Projection Software --
_tProblems --
_tBibliography --
_g21.
_tBOUNDARY SURVEYS --
_g21.1.
_tIntroduction --
_g21.2.
_tCategories of Land Surveys --
_g21.3.
_tHistorical Perspectives --
_g21.4.
_tProperty Description by Metes and Bounds --
_g21.5.
_tProperty Description by Block-and-Lot System --
_g21.6.
_tProperty Description by Coordinates --
_g21.7.
_tRetracement Surveys --
_g21.8.
_tSubdivision Surveys --
_g21.9.
_tPartitioning Land --
_g21.10.
_tRegistration of Title --
_g21.11.
_tAdverse Possession and Easements --
_g21.12.
_tCondominium Surveys --
_g21.13.
_tGeographic and Land Information Systems --
_g21.14.
_tSources of Error in Boundary Surveys --
_g21.15.
_tMistakes --
_tProblems --
_tBibliography --
_g22.
_tSURVEYS OF THE PUBLIC LANDS --
_g22.1.
_tIntroduction --
_g22.2.
_tInstructions for Surveys of the Public Lands --
_g22.3.
_tInitial Point --
_g22.4.
_tPrincipal Meridian --
_g22.5.
_tBaseline --
_g22.6.
_tStandard Parallels (Correction Lines) --
_g22.7.
_tGuide Meridians --
_g22.8.
_tTownship Exteriors, Meridional (Range) Lines, and Latitudinal (Township) Lines --
_g22.9.
_tDesignation of Townships --
_g22.10.
_tSubdivision of a Quadrangle into Townships --
_g22.11.
_tSubdivision of a Township into Sections --
_g22.12.
_tSubdivision of Sections --
_g22.13.
_tFractional Sections --
_g22.14.
_tNotes --
_g22.15.
_tOutline of Subdivision Steps --
_g22.16.
_tMarking Corners --
_g22.17.
_tWitness Corners --
_g22.18.
_tMeander Corners --
_g22.19.
_tLost and Obliterated Corners --
_g22.20.
_tAccuracy of Public Lands Surveys --
_g22.21.
_tDescriptions by Township, Section, and Smaller Subdivision --
_g22.22.
_tBLM Land Information System --
_g22.23.
_tSources of Error --
_g22.24.
_tMistakes --
_tProblems --
_tBibliography --
_g23.
_tCONSTRUCTION SURVEYS --
_g23.1.
_tIntroduction --
_g23.2.
_tSpecialized Equipment for Construction Surveys --
_g23.3.
_tHorizontal and Vertical Control --
_g23.4.
_tStaking out a Pipeline --
_g23.5.
_tStaking Pipeline Grades --
_g23.6.
_tStaking out a Building --
_g23.7.
_tStaking out Highways --
_g23.8.
_tOther Construction Surveys --
_g23.9.
_tConstruction Surveys Using Total Station Instruments --
_g23.10.
_tConstruction Surveys Using GNSS Equipment --
_g23.11.
_tMachine Guidance and Control --
_g23.12.
_tAs-Built Surveys with Laser Scanning --
_g23.13.
_tSources of Error in Construction Surveys --
_g23.14.
_tMistakes --
_tProblems --
_tBibliography --
_g24.
_tHORIZONTAL CURVES --
_g24.1.
_tIntroduction --
_g24.2.
_tDegree of Circular Curve --
_g24.3.
_tDefinitions and Derivation of Circular Curve Formulas --
_g24.4.
_tCircular Curve Stationing --
_g24.5.
_tGeneral Procedure of Circular Curve Layout by Deflection Angles --
_g24.6.
_tComputing Deflection Angles and Chords --
_g24.7.
_tNotes for Circular Curve Layout by Deflection Angles and Incremental Chords --
_g24.8.
_tDetailed Procedures for Circular Curve Layout by Deflection Angles and Incremental Chords --
_g24.9.
_tSetups on Curve --
_g24.10.
_tMetric Circular Curves by Deflection Angles and Incremental Chords --
_g24.11.
_tCircular Curve Layout by Deflection Angles and Total Chords --
_g24.12.
_tComputation of Coordinates on a Circular Curve --
_g24.13.
_tCircular Curve Layout by Coordinates --
_g24.14.
_tCurve Stakeout Using GNSS Receivers and Robotic Total Stations --
_g24.15.
_tCircular Curve Layout by Offsets --
_g24.16.
_tSpecial Circular Curve Problems --
_g24.17.
_tCompound and Reverse Curves --
_g24.18.
_tSight Distance on Horizontal Curves --
_g24.19.
_tSpirals --
_g24.20.
_tComputation of "As-Built" Circular Alignments --
_g24.21.
_tSources of Error in Laying out Circular Curves --
_g24.22.
_tMistakes --
_tProblems --
_tBibliography --
_g25.
_tVERTICAL CURVES --
_g25.1.
_tIntroduction --
_g25.2.
_tGeneral Equation of a Vertical Parabolic Curve --
_g25.3.
_tEquation of an Equal Tangent Vertical Parabolic Curve --
_g25.4.
_tHigh or Low Point on a Vertical Curve --
_g25.5.
_tVertical Curve Computations Using the Tangent-Offset Equation --
_g25.6.
_tEqual Tangent Property of a Parabola --
_g25.7.
_tCurve Computations by Proportion --
_g25.8.
_tStaking a Vertical Parabolic Curve --
_g25.9.
_tMachine Control in Grading Operations --
_g25.10.
_tComputations for an Unequal Tangent Vertical Curve --
_g25.11.
_tDesigning a Curve to Pass Through a Fixed Point --
_g25.12.
_tSight Distance --
_g25.13.
_tSources of Error in Laying out Vertical Curves --
_g25.14.
_tMistakes --
_tProblems --
_tBibliography --
_g26.
_tVOLUMES --
_g26.1.
_tIntroduction --
_g26.2.
_tMethods of Volume Measurement --
_g26.3.
_tThe Cross-Section Method --
_g26.4.
_tTypes of Cross-Sections --
_g26.5.
_tAverage-End-Area Formula --
_g26.6.
_tDetermining End Areas --
_g26.7.
_tComputing Slope Intercepts --
_g26.8.
_tPrismoidal Formula --
_g26.9.
_tVolume Computations --
_g26.10.
_tUnit-Area, or Borrow-Pit, Method --
_g26.11.
_tContour-Area Method --
_g26.12.
_tMeasuring Volumes of Water Discharge --
_g26.13.
_tSoftware --
_g26.14.
_tSources of Error in Determining Volumes --
_g26.15.
_tMistakes --
_tProblems --
_tBibliography --
_g27.
_tPHOTOGRAMMETRY --
_g27.1.
_tIntroduction --
_g27.2.
_tUses of Photogrammetry --
_g27.3.
_tAerial Cameras --
_g27.4.
_tTypes of Aerial Photographs --
_g27.5.
_tVertical Aerial Photographs --
_g27.6.
_tScale of a Vertical Photograph --
_g27.7.
_tGround Coordinates from a Single Vertical Photograph --
_g27.8.
_tRelief Displacement on a Vertical Photograph --
_g27.9.
_tFlying Height of a Vertical Photograph --
_g27.10.
_tStereoscopic Parallax --
_g27.11.
_tStereoscopic Viewing --
_g27.12.
_tStereoscopic Measurement of Parallax.
505 0 0 _gNote continued:
_g27.13.
_tAnalytical Photogrammetry --
_g27.14.
_tStereoscopic Plotting Instruments --
_g27.15.
_tOrthophotos --
_g27.16.
_tGround Control for Photogrammetry --
_g27.17.
_tFlight Planning --
_g27.18.
_tAirborne Laser-Mapping Systems --
_g27.19.
_tRemote Sensing --
_g27.20.
_tSoftware --
_g27.21.
_tSources of Error in Photogrammetry --
_g27.22.
_tMistakes --
_tProblems --
_tBibliography --
_g28.
_tINTRODUCTION TO GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS --
_g28.1.
_tIntroduction --
_g28.2.
_tLand Information Systems --
_g28.3.
_tGIS Data Sources and Classifications --
_g28.4.
_tSpatial Data --
_g28.5.
_tNonspatial Data --
_g28.6.
_tData Format Conversions --
_g28.7.
_tCreating GIS Databases --
_g28.8.
_tMetadata --
_g28.9.
_tGIS Analytical Functions --
_g28.10.
_tGIS Applications --
_g28.11.
_tData Sources --
_tProblems --
_tBibliography --
_gAPPENDIX
_tA TAPE CORRECTION PROBLEMS --
_gA.1.
_tCorrecting Systematic Errors in Taping --
_gAPPENDIX B
_tEXAMPLE NOTEFORMS --
_gAPPENDIX C
_tASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS --
_gC.1.
_tIntroduction --
_gC.2.
_tOverview of Usual Procedures for Astronomical Azimuth Determination --
_gC.3.
_tEphemerides --
_gC.4.
_tDefinitions --
_gC.5.
_tTime --
_gC.6.
_tTiming Observations --
_gC.7.
_tComputations for Azimuth from Polaris Observations by the Hour Angle Method --
_gC.8.
_tAzimuth from Solar Observations --
_gC.9.
_tImportance of Precise Leveling --
_gAPPENDIX D
_tUSING THE WORKSHEETS FROM THE COMPANION WEBSITE --
_gD.1.
_tIntroduction --
_gD.2.
_tUsing the Files --
_gD.3.
_tWorksheets as an Aid in Learning --
_gAPPENDIX E
_tINTRODUCTION TO MATRICES --
_gE.1.
_tIntroduction --
_gE.2.
_tDefinition of a Matrix --
_gE.3.
_tThe Dimensions of a Marix --
_gE.4.
_tThe Transpose of a Matrix --
_gE.5.
_tMatrix Addition --
_gE.6.
_tMatrix Multiplication --
_gE.7.
_tMatrix Inverse --
_gAPPENDIX F
_tU.S. STATE PLANE COORDINATE SYSTEM DEFINING PARAMETERS --
_gF.1.
_tIntroduction --
_gF.2.
_tDefining Parameters for States Using the Lambert Conformal Conic Map Projection --
_gF.3.
_tDefining Parameters for States Using the Transverse Mercator Map Projection --
_gAPPENDIX G
_tANSWERS TO SELECTED PROBLEMS.
650 0 _aSurveying.
650 0 _aGeomatics.
650 7 _aGeomatics.
_2fast
_0(OCoLC)fst00940824
650 7 _aSurveying.
_2fast
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650 7 _a
_2gnd
700 1 _aWolf, Paul R.
949 _cc.1
_lCIRCSTACKS
_tBOOK
_xPRINT
_p
999 _a526.9 G424E14
_wDEWEY
_c6099
_i51994001695628
_f6/29/2023
_g2
_lCIRCSTACKS
_mLRC
_p$218.00
_rY
_sY
_tBOOK
_u5/27/2020
_xPRINT
_d6099